Some, like the inter-temporal choice task, require animals to make dichotomous smaller-sooner (or lesser-sooner) versus larger-later (or better-later) choices. Within the comparative literature, a number of tests have been designed to assess selfcontrol. Studies that assessed children’s self-control and then re-examined those children’s lives years or decades later showed that better self-control exhibited when young predicted better objective outcomes much later in life (e.g., academic and social competence, Mischel, Shoda, and Peake, 1988 physical health, economic, and criminality outcomes, Moffitt et al., 2011 coping ability, Shoda, Mischel, and Peake, 1990 mental health, Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone, 2004). Without question, the ability to wait, and thus show greater self-control, can produce clear advantages in a number of circumstances ranging from dietary habits to financial wellbeing (e.g., Baumeister, Heatherton, and Tice, 1994 Logue, 1988 Mischel, 2014). The initial choice between waiting for later or acting now (called intertemporal choice) and the ability to maintain that choice through a delay to a better reward (delay of gratification) are two aspects of what is called self-control. Sometimes waiting leads to better rewards than simply taking what one can have more immediately. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Keywords Accumulation task Capuchin monkeys Delay of gratification Rotating tray task Self-ControlĬorrespondence should be addressed to Michael Beran ( ). The results of this study suggest that future testing of this kind should focus on temporal parameters and reward magnitude parameters to establish accurate measures of delay of gratification capacity and development in this species and perhaps others. Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 tested new, task-naïve monkeys on both tasks, finding more limited evidence of selfcontrol, and no evidence that one task was more beneficial than the other in promoting selfcontrol. These findings indicate that these capuchin monkeys’ self-control capacities were more likely to have improved across studies because of the greater experience they had with delay of gratification tasks. Their self-control behavior was found to be dependent on the overall delay to reward consumption, rather than the overall reward amount ultimately consumed. In Experiment 3, monkeys performed multiple versions of the AC task with varied reward and temporal parameters. Experiment 2 demonstrated a similar result using reward amounts that were more similar to previous AC experiments with these monkeys. Experiment 1 produced similar performance levels by capuchins monkeys in the RT and AC tasks when identical reward and temporal parameters were used. In this study, we investigated whether this improvement resulted from the difference in methods between the rotating tray task and previous tests, or whether it was the result of greater overall experience with delay of gratification tasks. Recent studies of delay of gratification in capuchin monkeys using a rotating tray (RT) task have shown improved self-control performance in these animals in comparison to the accumulation (AC) task. Research Center, Georgia State University Of Psychology and Language Research Center, Georgia State University James1, Will Whitham1, Bradlyn Walker1, Sara E. Self-Control Assessments of Capuchin Monkeys With the Rotating Tray Task and the Accumulation Task Michael J. Published in final edited form as: Behav Processes. Author manuscript available in PMC 2017 August 01. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscriptīehav Processes.
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