![]() Some of the most frequently diagnosed types are ![]() Other soft tissue sarcomas (children and adults)Other types of sarcoma can occur in fatty tissues, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, nerves, smooth muscles, and tissues in joints. If a sarcoma spreads, it usually travels to the lungs. Although some types of sarcoma are less likely to spread than others, they all have the ability to metastasize. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tends to be more aggressive and harder to treat. In general, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma tends to be localized it rarely spreads (metastasizes) away from where it started. There are two main types of rhabdomyosarcoma: embryonal and alveolar. Under the microscope, rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells look like primitive muscle, similar to the immature muscle cells of a developing fetus. In most cases, rhabdomyosarcoma affects children under age 10. It typically appears in one of three locations: the arms and legs, the head and neck area, or the urinary tract and reproductive organs. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common form of soft tissue cancer in children. These groupings are not used for soft tissue sarcomas affecting adults.Ĭhildhood rhabdomyosarcoma. (Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer of skeletal muscle.) Because this cancer mainly affects children, some doctors separate childhood soft tissue sarcomas into two distinct groups: rhabdomyosarcomas and all other types. Of these, rhabdomyosarcoma accounts for more cases of soft tissue sarcoma than all other types combined. People with these diseases can develop multiple cancers or sarcomas.ĭoctors have identified about 20 different types of soft tissue sarcomas based on how their cells look under a microscope. ![]() Sarcomas are also more common in people with certain genetic (inherited) syndromes, particularly Li-Fraumeni syndrome and neurofibromatosis type I. Often, these sarcomas are associated with other types of tumors, especially those in the gastrointestinal tract and brain. Several varieties of soft tissue sarcomas run in families. A particular type of sarcoma called Kaposi's sarcoma often develops in people with HIV, but people who don't have HIV can develop it, too. This includes people with HIV, those born with an immune deficiency, and those taking medications to suppress the immune system following an organ transplant. People who have a weakened immune system have an increased risk of sarcoma. Exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbons, asbestos, and dioxin can also up the risk. People who have been exposed to certain cancer-causing agents (carcinogens), particularly vinyl chloride, have a higher risk of developing a sarcoma. These include previous treatment for lymphoma and retinal, breast, cervical, ovarian, and testicular cancers. Patients treated with radiation therapy for certain types of cancer have a higher risk of developing a soft tissue sarcoma than the general population. Soft tissue sarcomas have been associated with a variety of factors: In children, soft tissue sarcomas are twice as common in whites as in African Americans. But about one-fifth of these tumors occur in children. Most soft tissue sarcomas occur in adults over age 55. More than half of soft tissue sarcomas develop in the arms and legs. A soft tissue sarcoma that doesn't look like any normal tissue is undifferentiated or unclassified. For example, a neurofibrosarcoma develops in the fibrous tissue surrounding a nerve. If a soft tissue sarcoma resembles more than one type of tissue, its name will reflect its complex appearance. For example, a soft tissue sarcoma that looks like fat is called a liposarcoma a tumor that looks like fibrous tissue is called a fibrosarcoma. The tumor is named based on the type of tissue it resembles. However, most cancers are thought to develop due to genetic changes (mutations). ![]() Scientists do not yet fully understand why these cells become abnormal. Cancerous tumors can develop when abnormal cells in these tissues multiply and grow out of control. Soft tissue sarcoma can arise from muscle, fat, nerves, cartilage, or blood vessels. There are two types of sarcoma: osteosarcoma, which develops from bone, and soft tissue sarcoma. In contrast, most cancers develop from organs that contain glands, such as the breast, colon, prostate and lung, among others. Last updated on Aug 9, 2022.Ī sarcoma is a cancer that develops from particular tissues, such as muscle or bone. ![]()
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